Gyratory crusher



J. E. KENNEDY GYRATORY cRUsHER original Filed Nov. 12,v 1928 Dec.. 1s,1934.

INVENTOR. )mea/y on Y.'

J E. l: BY l Patented Dec. 18, 1934 UNITED STATES 1,935,098 GYRATORYCRUSHER Nellie Kennedy,

Joseph E. Kennedy, New York, N.

Y., assignor to New York, N. Y.

Application November 12, 192s, sen'ai No. 318,669

Renewed July 1,

15 Claims.

This invention relates to gyratory crushers for ore, rock or the likeembodying a crushing head and an annular crushing member, commonlytermed a concave in the art and herein referred toas a concave,extending around and spaced from the head to provide a crushing chamberbetween the head and concave with the crushing faces of the head andconcave tapering from the entrance end to the outlet end of the'chamberand supported to have gyratory movement one relative to the other toeffect closing and opening of the outlet of the chamber in successivesequence and intermittent descent of the material in the chamber, and itis the principal object of the invention to construct and arrangesuccessive portions of the crushing faces of the head and concave atprogressively decreasing crushing angles to provide the crushing chamberwith successive crushing zones with `a primary crushing zone at theentrance to the chamber and the zone having the smallest angle and thepoint of closest approach of the faces at the outlet to constitute a nalcrushing and sizing zone, and the opposed crushing faces of the head andconcave -commencing at a point intermediate the ends and extending tothe outlet of the crushing chamber extending substantially'in the samedirection and ydiverging from the center of the entrance to or primarycrushing' zone of the crushing chamber and providing a crusher having anincreased productive capacity and the producing of a product of uniformsize.

In gyratory Crushers as heretofore constructed the crushing 'surface ofthe concave is made to extend in the same plane from end to end thereof,either in a direction parallel with the axis of the concave orinclinedin a direction opposite to the inclination of the crushing face of thehead, the space between the crushing surface of less width at the largerend of the head and constituting the crushing zone comprising the partof the crushing surface of t le concave'which becomes quickly worn. Inorder to obviate the necessity of substituting a complete concave orhead when' the crushingsurfaces thereof become worn they are providedwith crushing surfaces of wear resisting material, such as manganesesteel, the crushing surface of the concave being in the form of liningsegments and of the head in the formvof a mantle engaged upon the head.The concave segments are mounted upon the concave and the mantle uponthe head through the medium of Babbitt metal or zinc introduced betweenthe conv cave and head and surfaces in a molten condition.

In the use of a. concave havingthe crushing surlarger end of the head amore 1933 (ci. ca -1o) face inclined opposite to the inclination of thehead the use thereof is limited to one end only of such surface, the endopposed vto the larger end of the head, and when such end becomes wornit is necessary to substitute another surface there- 5 for. In the useof concaves wherein the crushing surface extends in a planeparallel withthe axis of the concave when theone end ofthe crushing .surface of theconcave becomes worn the opposite end of the crushing surface may beutilized, but A10 in order to do this the crushing surface or concavesegment must be removed and inverted in the concave necessitating themelting of the zinc and when the crushing surface has been invertedinvolving a rezincing, resetting and refitting of the crushing surface.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved concavewhereby-'the crushing face is so constructed and` arranged that when thecrushing surface at one end becomes worn the concave may be reversed asa unit and without removing the crushing surfaces and function-v toprovide a primary crushing zone and a Final crushing and sizing zone ineither position thereof.

A further object of the inventionl relates to the construction andarrangement of the crushing surfaces of the head and `concave wherebysaid surfaces co-operate to provide a primary crushing zone, a finalcrushing and sizing zone, and a secondary crushing Azone intermediatethe primary and final crushing zones.

Heretofore it has been thepracticeto make the angle of the crushingsurface of the head, or a mantle engaged thereon, to extend in astraight plane or of uniform angle from one end to the opposite end ofthe head or mantle; It was found that if a lesser angle, termed angle ofnip, is arranged betweenA the concave and uniform sizing of productcould be obtained. However, to provide this lesser angle between thehead and concave a special shape of concave was necessary, which notonly limited the use of one end of the crushing surface of the concavebut the angle of nip between the smaller upper end of the head andconcave was such that it would not effect a crushing of large pieces ofore or the like and the crusher was therefore limited to the receptionand crushing of ore or rock of small size. y A further object of theinvention is to overcome the above disadvantage -by arranging thecrushing face of the head or mantle at'a lesser angle from the smallerend to 'an intermediate portion than the portion of the crushing sur,-

thereby adapt the crusher disposed headed bolts or or mantle extendingfrom such intermethe larger end thereof, and for,the reception and facediate portion to crushing of larger pieces of the same timeprovideabetter angle of nip betweenA the larger end of the head and concave andproduce a more uniform size of product. In y,the accompanying drawingforming a part of this application I have illustrated an operativeembodiment ofthe invention, wherein Figure l is a longitudinal sectionalview.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the concave. Figure 3 is a perspectiveview ofv a segment f .of the lining or crushing surfaceof the concave;

and

Figure 4 isa fragmentary view in longitudinal section showingI amodified arrangement of crushing head and concave. An embodiment of theinvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in connection witha gyratory crusher comprising a lower base member or shell 5 whereby thecrusher is adapted to be mounted upon a suitable foundation. An annularmember or upper shell 6, commonly termed a concave inthe art, is mountedupon the lower shell 5 in interposed relation to said shell and anannular portionl of a head, said head having y spider arms 8 extendingup from the annular portion and converging toward each other, therebeing preferably two of such spider arms diametrically oppositelydisposed. Tuel concave 6 has spigot joint connections with the lowershell 5 and the head, as at 9, by reducing the opposite ends of theconcave and engaging Vsaid reduced ends in an annular recess in the topof the lower shell and the bottom of the annular portion 7 of the head,the peripheral wall of said reduced portions of the concave and of thecircumferential wall ofthe lower shell and head recesses beingpreferably inclined in a direction toward the axis of the crusher. The`head and concave are secured to the lower shell bycircumferentially Ytie rods 10 extended through perforations in the annular portion 7 ofthe head, anges 11 adjacent the top and bottom of the concave andlaterally extending anges of the lower shell. The spigot joint betweenthe concave and the head is interchangeable with the spigot jointlbetween the concave and lower shell whereby the position of lthe concavemay be rey versed between the lower shell and head.

A shaft 12 is "extended through an opening axially of the longitudinalaxis of the crusher in a hub 13 and integral with the converging ends ofthe spider arms 8 of the head, said shaft being suspended from thespider hub by a sleeve 14 engaged upon the shaft seated on a bearingmember l15 and engaged in a bushing 16 in an enlargement of the openingthrough-the spider hub 13 at the outer side'thereof.- A flanged collar17 on the shaft engages upon the sleeve 14 and yieldingly supports theshaft through a series of compound coil springs 18 circumferentiallydisposed about and interposed between the flange of said collar 17 andthe ange of a second collar v 19 adjustable on the shaft and retainedthereon by a nut 21 threaded onto the shaft as shown. The springs areretained-in position by tie rods or bolts 20 extended through openings-in the flanges of the collars 17, 19 and the springs, and the-tensionof the springs may be Varied by screwing the nut 21 onto or off from theshaft. The suspending means for the shaft are enclosed in a removablehousing H.

The shaft is mounted at the oppositevend to ore or rock and at f v anddiverging from t rotate and have axial movement in a bearing member 22,preferably in the form of a sleeve mounted in an opening in thelongitudinal axis of the crusher frame, the shaft being mounted in saidsleeve by a bushing 23 rotatably mounted in the bearing member, saidbushing having a bore eccentrically therethrough and arranged with anintermediate globularbearing face 24 for the engagement of acorrespondingly formed ball portion of a sleeve 25 in which the shaft isdirectly engaged. To maintain the sleeve 25 in the eccentric bushingthe' latter comprises longitudinally splitA sections releasably securedtogether. The eccentric bushing 23 is rotated to impart' gyratorymovement to the shaft by a driver, shown in the form of a pulley 26mounted on the bearing member 22 below'the shell 5 and operativelyconnected with said bushing by lag screws vengaged in perforations in aflange extended laterally from said bushing and threaded into the hub ofthe pulley, as at 27. A frustoconical crushing head 28 is engaged andsecured upon a conical portion 12 of the shaft by means of anarrangement of lock nuts 29, with the peripheral wall or crushingsurface of said head in spaced relation-to-theY innerhcircumferentialwall of the crushing surface of the concave. The rotary movement of the-pulley is transmitted to the eccentric bushing 23 and thereby the shaftwith the crushing head gyrated, the gyratory movement of the shaft thesupport of the shaft in the spider hub by making the wall of the openingthrough said hub and the inner wall of the sleeve 16 tapered as shown.

As shown in Figure 4 the crushing faces are formed directly upon theinner circumference of the concave and on the head. However, the headand concave are preferably provided with a crushing surface of wearresisting material, such as manganese steel, this surface of the headbeing in the form of a mantle 29 engaged upon the head and securedthereon by an interposed Babbitt metal or zinc, and of the concave inthe form of segments (Figure l3) the segments being supported in spacedrelation to the concave by lugs 31 extended laterally from the rear faceand opposite ends of said segments to engage reduced The space betweenthe crusher head and con--v cave constitutes in effect a crushingchamber, the material to be crushed being fed to the topv of said spaceand delivered from the lower end. The crushing surface of the head andconcave tapering downwardly from the entrance end to the outlet end ofclosest approach of the faces at the outlet end, and are constructed andarranged to provide the chamber with successive crushing zones, in thepresent instance three in number and termed a primary crushing zone, anintermediate crushing zone, and a crushing angles of the faces of saidzones being of progressively decreasing angle with the zone having thesmallest angle at'the end of the cham.-

ber from which the material is discharged, and the opposed crushingrfaces of rthe head and concave commencing at a point intermediate theends and terminating at the outlet end of the crushing chamber extendingin the same direction e center of the entrance to or primary crushingzo`ne'of the crushing chaml the chamber'with the point of final crushingand sizing zone, the

being compensated for'gin ber. To provide the nal crushing and sizingzone the face of the concave, or of the concave segments, is inclinedfrom an intermediate portion of -the concave to the end opposed to thelarger end of the head and in the direction of inclination of the headbut of a lesser angle, as at 32. whereby the material entrance end tosaid zone is of greater area than the 'delivery end, this arrangement ofthe inclination of the concave and head not only enabling the producingof a product of more uniform size but alsoproviding a better "angle ofnip, that is, facilitate the 'gripping and crushing of the material, andincreasing the capacity of the crusher. To provide the primary zone theopposite end of the /crushing surface of the concave, or of the con-'cave segments, is inclined or diverges outwardly y'inafter described.This inclined. face extends in a direction opposite to th inclination ofthe opposed crushing surface of the head or mantle. To arrange thecrushing angle of the faces in said zonev at a greater angle than theangle ,0f the crushing faces of l thel successive or secondary crushingzone and provide a better angle of nip and adapt said zone for thereception and efficient crushing of rock or ore, the inclination of thecrushing surface of the head or mantle in said zone, and extending froman intermediate portion of the head in a plane with the inner end of theinclined surface 33 of the concave and extending to the end of smallerdiameter, as at .34, is arranged at a lesser or more acute anglerelative to the axis of the head than the inclination of the portion ofthe head extending from said portion to the opposite or end of largerdiameter of the head or mantle and the end of the head of largerdiameter extending beyond and being of a diameter greater than thediameter of the concave. By the arrangement of the end portions 32, 33of the faces of the concave, or the concave segments, at the same anglewhen the position of the concave shell is reversed as a unit with theconcave segments it will co-operate with the crushing surface of thehead to provide the primary crushing and final crushing and sizing zonesas described. The crushing surface of the concave Wears more quickly inthe region of thefinal crushing zone, and by the arrangement describedwhen the one end of the crushing face of the concave, or the concavesegments, becomes worn the position of the concave may be reversed andan unworn crushing surface provided in the final crushingl zone, thusmaking it'possible to utilize both ends of the concave before discardthesegments or lining material 30 the inner or' crushing surface of theconcave shell is arranged as described whereby the shell is of increasedthickness substantially midway between the ends' which serves toreinforce the shll, and when the lining segments are used said segmentsare of the same thickness throughout andshaped to opposed relation tothe face 34 of the head the# crushing faces at the entrance to thecrushing chamber, or in the primary crushingl zone, will bearranged atanangle of approximately 27 degrees and not greater than 28 degrees apart,the faces of the final crushing and sizing zone at an angle ofapproximately 11 degrees apart, and the faces of the intermediateportion of theconcave and head, or in the secondary crushing zone, at anangle of approximately 18 degrees apart.

By such arrangement of the crushing faces of the head and concave thewalls of the crushing chamber taper downwardly from the entrance end tothe outlet end with the point of closest approach of the faces at theoutlet end of the crushing chamber and the crushing chamber is providedwith successive crushing zones the crushing angles of the faces of whichzones progressively decrease with the, crushing faces of the zone havingthe smallest angle at the outlet end and extending in the same directionat a diminishing angle to the end of the crushing chamber. The crushingfaces,'furthermore, commencing at a point intermediate the ends of thecrushing chamber extend substantially in the same direction and divergefrom the center of the entrance to or primary crushing zone of thecrushing chamber, whereby it is possible to crush not only a largertonnage of material per given unit of time than has heretofore beenpossible by a crusher of the same type and size, but the product orcrushed stone delivered is practically 100% in uniformity of size. v y

In the structure as illustrated and described the crushing chamber isprovided with a primary crushing zone, a secondary crushing zone, and afinal crushing and sizing zone, the secondary crushing zone being ofless volumetric capacity and having a. discharge area of larger meandiameter than the primary crushing zone, and. the nal crushing andsizing zone being of less volumetric capacity and having a dischargearea oi larger mean diameter than either the primary or secondarycrushing zones. v

It will be obvious that -various modifications may be made inlconstruction and arrangement of conform to said surface of the concave,as clearly parts, and that portions of the invention may be used withoutothers without departing from the scope of the invention. l

Having thus described 'my invention I claim:

1. In a gyratory crusher, a conical gyratoryv crushing head, a concaveextended around and spaced from the head, the inner face of the concaveopposed to the face of the head having an intermediate cylindricalportion extending in the Y plane of the axis of the concave anddiverging outwardly from said intermediate cylindrical porand sizingzone, and the intermediate cylindrical portion co-operating with theopposed face of the head to form a secoridary crushing zone intermediatethe primary and nal crushing zones,

Pil

said concave being reversible end for end and in the base member'andhead whereby the concave either 'position co-operate with the heady toprovide the primary, secondary and finalcrushing and sizing zones. i

K 2. In a gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 1, a lining of wearresisting material removably mounted on the inner face of the concavecomprising segments of the same thickness throughout and conforming tothe inner face of the concave.

3. In a gyratorycrusher as claimedk in claim 1,

, a' base shell and a spider having an annular portion, between whichbase shell and annular portion of the spider the concave is engaged andhaving like spigot joint connections therewith to adapt the concave tobe inverted end to end between the base shellv and spider.

4. In a gyratory crusher as claimed in 'claim 1, a base shell and aspider having an annular portion, between which base shell an annularportion of the spider the concave is engaged, spigot joint connectionsbetween the concave, base shell and spidercornprising like annularrecesses in the base shell and spider, and the concave being arrangedwith reduced portions at opposite ends to have mating connection withthe recess in the base and spider, and tie rods extended through vthespider Land lannular flanges of the base shell and concave to securethemtogether. A

v 5. A gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inclinationofthe crushfhg face of the head extending from the end of smaller diameterto an intermediate portion of .thehead is arranged at a lesser anglethan the inclination of the face of the head extending from theterminationl of said inclined portion to the end of the head of largerdiameter.'

6. In a gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 1, a conical mantle of wearresisting material mounted on the head, the inclination of the crushingf ace of which mantle extending from the end of smaller diameter to aportion intermediate the ends of the mantle beingy of a lesser anglethan the inclinationof the face extending from the termination of saidinclined portion to the end of larger diameter.

'7. In a gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 1, lining segments of wearresisting material for the inner face of the concave, said segmentsbeing ofthe same thickness throughout and conforming in shape to theface off the concave.

8. In a gyratory crusher, a concave the crushing face of which isarranged with a portion midway the ends to extend in the plane of theaxis of the concave and diverging outwardly at the same angle from saidintermediate portion to the `opposite ends, and a conical gyratory headarranged within and spaced from the concave to"form a crushing chamberbetween the head and concave, said head having a crushing face inclinedl at two different angles with the portion of less inclination extendingfrom the end of smaller diameter for an extentsubstantially equal to theondary crushing zone and the opposite inclined portion of the concavewith the crushing face of.

the head'of greater inclination forming a final crushing and sizingzone.

9.' In. a gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 8', a frame embodyingabase member, a head and `the concave constituting an intermediate framemember and having a jointed connection with vmay be inverted end for endand in either position the crushing faces thereof co-operate with thecrushing face of the head to provide the crushing chamber with theprimary and secondary' ondary crushing zone the crushing angle of whichis approximately 18 degrees, and a final crushing and sizing zonethecrushing'angle of which is approximately 11 degrees.

11. In a gyratory crusher, a conical gyratory crushing ihead, andaconcave extending around and spaced from the head having a crushing facediverging outward to opposite ends from an intermediate portionextending concentric with the axis of the concave with the divergingface opposed to the end of the head of smallest diameter diverging in adirection opposite-'to said end ofthe head and the face of the concaveopposed to the end of the head of largest diameter extending in thedirection 'of opposed face of the head, said crushing faces of the head'and concave forming a crushing chamber having successive crushing zonesthe crushingangles of which zones Jdecrease progressively to the end ofthe chamber from which the crushed material is discharged with the zoneof smallest angle at the discharge end of the chamber and constituting asizing zone. 12. In a gyratory crusher, a conical gyratory crushing headthe crushing face of vwhich inclines at a lesser angle at the endportion of smaller diameter than at the end portion of larger diameter,and an annular concave encircling and spaced from the head withv thecrushing face diverging outward to the opposite ends from anintermediate portion extending concentrically with the axis of theconcave and cooperating with the crushing* face of the head to form acrushing chamber having successive crushing zones thecrushing angles ofwhich zones decrease progressively to the discharge end of the chamberwith the zone of smallest angle at said dislcharge end of the crushingchamber'and terminat-ing at the end of therconcave.

13. In a gyratory crusher, an annular concave, and a frusto-conicalgyratory crushing head within and the crushing face spaced from thecrushing face 'of .the concave and forming therewith a crushing chamber,said head being of greater length than the concave with the-end oflarger diameter extendingY beyond and'being of greater diameter than thegreatest-inner diameter of the concave, the crushing face of the headbeing arranged at two different angles with the portion of less angle atthe e'nd of the head of smallest diameter,` and the crushing face of theconcave diverging outward from the opposed ends from an intermediateportion concentric with the axis of the'concave, and said crushing facesof the head and concave arranging the crushing chamber withA successivecrushing zones the crushing angles of which zones are of progressivelydecreasing angle with the zone -having the smallest anglel between theend of the'concave opposed to the head of larger diameter.

14."In a gyratory crusher, a gyratory conical 'pruning head, and a fixedconcave encircling and spaced from the head, and the opposed 'faces e ofthe head and concave being arranged to form a cmsmng chamber taperingfrom the top to the bottom with the point ot closest approach ofthefaces at the outlet `o1.' the chamber providing the crushing chamberwith a primary crushingzone at the feeding end of the chamber, asecondary ,crushing zone extending from the primary crushing zone andlocated intermediate the ends of the chamber, and a nal crushing andSizing zo e extending from the secondary crushing zo to the dischargeend oi the chamber, the crushing angles of the faces of said zonesprogressively deangle tofthevend of s the chamber in both the closingand opening tions of the crushing faces .of the chamber. e .15. In agyratory crushery la conical crushing head supported to have gyratorymovement, and a concave extending around and spaced from the head toprovide-a crushing chamber between* the concave and head,v said concavebeing adapted to be reversed end for end, and the crushing faces of thehead and concave being arranged wherein the crushing "fa ot the concavein either po/sition thereof l coroperate with the crushing face oi thehead to provide the crushing chamber with successive crushing zones ofprogressivelydecreased crushing angles with the crushing zone having.the smallest crushing angle at the end of the crushing chamber fromwhichl v the crushed 'material is discharged.

JOSEPH E. .Kampman noci-l

